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# Q3ValueStack Class Reference

The Q3ValueStack class is a value-based template class that provides a stack. More...

     #include <Q3ValueStack>

This class is part of the Qt 3 support library. It is provided to keep old source code working. We strongly advise against using it in new code. See Porting to Qt 4 for more information.

Inherits: Q3ValueList<T>.

- List of all members, including inherited members

## Public Functions

| Q3ValueStack ()
| ~Q3ValueStack ()
T | pop ()
void | push ( const T & d )
T & | top ()
const T & | top () const

- 24 public functions inherited from Q3ValueList
- 48 public functions inherited from QLinkedList

### Additional Inherited Members

- 1 static public member inherited from QLinkedList

## Detailed Description

The Q3ValueStack class is a value-based template class that provides a stack.

Define a template instance Q3ValueStack<X> to create a stack of values that all have the class X.

Note that Q3ValueStack does not store pointers to the members of the stack; it holds a copy of every member. That is why these kinds of classes are called "value based"; Q3PtrStack, Q3PtrList, Q3Dict, etc., are "pointer based".

A stack is a last in, first out (LIFO) structure. Items are added to the top of the stack with push() and retrieved from the top with pop(). The top() function provides access to the topmost item without removing it.

Example:

     Q3ValueStack<int> stack;
     stack.push( 1 );
     stack.push( 2 );
     stack.push( 3 );
     while ( ! stack.isEmpty() )
         cout << "Item: " << stack.pop() << endl;

     // Output:
     //      Item: 3
     //      Item: 2
     //      Item: 1

Q3ValueStack is a specialized Q3ValueList provided for convenience. All of Q3ValueList's functionality also applies to Q3PtrStack, for example the facility to iterate over all elements using Q3ValueStack<T>::Iterator. See Q3ValueListIterator for further details.

Some classes cannot be used within a Q3ValueStack, for example everything derived from QObject and thus all classes that implement widgets. Only values can be used in a Q3ValueStack. To qualify as a value, the class must provide

- a copy constructor;
- an assignment operator;
- a default constructor, i.e. a constructor that does not take any arguments.

Note that C++ defaults to field-by-field assignment operators and copy constructors if no explicit version is supplied. In many cases this is sufficient.

## Member Function Documentation

### Q3ValueStack::Q3ValueStack ()

Constructs an empty stack.

### Q3ValueStack::~Q3ValueStack ()

Destroys the stack. References to the values in the stack and all iterators of this stack become invalidated. Because Q3ValueStack is highly tuned for performance, you won't see warnings if you use invalid iterators because it is impossible for an iterator to check whether or not it is valid.

### T Q3ValueStack::pop ()

Removes the top item from the stack and returns it.

See also top() and push().

### void Q3ValueStack::push ( const T & d )

Adds element, d, to the top of the stack. Last in, first out.

This function is equivalent to append().

See also pop() and top().

### T & Q3ValueStack::top ()

Returns a reference to the top item of the stack or the item referenced by end() if no such item exists. Note that you must not change the value the end() iterator points to.

This function is equivalent to last().

See also pop(), push(), and Q3ValueList::fromLast().

### const T & Q3ValueStack::top () const

This is an overloaded function.

Returns a reference to the top item of the stack or the item referenced by end() if no such item exists.

This function is equivalent to last().

See also pop(), push(), and Q3ValueList::fromLast().