Qt Reference Documentation

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# <QtConcurrentRun> - Asynchronous Run

The <QtConcurrentRun> header provides a way to run a function in a separate thread. More...

## Functions

QFuture<T> | run ( Function function, ... )

This function is a part of the Qt Concurrent framework.

The QtConcurrent::run() function runs a function in a separate thread. The return value of the function is made available through the QFuture API.

## Running a Function in a Separate Thread

To run a function in another thread, use QtConcurrent::run():

     extern void aFunction();
     QFuture<void> future = QtConcurrent::run(aFunction);

This will run aFunction in a separate thread obtained from the default QThreadPool. You can use the QFuture and QFutureWatcher classes to monitor the status of the function.

## Passing Arguments to the Function

Passing arguments to the function is done by adding them to the QtConcurrent::run() call immediately after the function name. For example:

     extern void aFunctionWithArguments(int arg1, double arg2, const QString &string);

     int integer = ...;
     double floatingPoint = ...;
     QString string = ...;

     QFuture<void> future = QtConcurrent::run(aFunctionWithArguments, integer, floatingPoint, string);

A copy of each argument is made at the point where QtConcurrent::run() is called, and these values are passed to the thread when it begins executing the function. Changes made to the arguments after calling QtConcurrent::run() are not visible to the thread.

## Returning Values from the Function

Any return value from the function is available via QFuture:

     extern QString functionReturningAString();
     QFuture<QString> future = QtConcurrent::run(functionReturningAString);
     ...
     QString result = future.result();

As documented above, passing arguments is done like this:

     extern QString someFunction(const QByteArray &input);

     QByteArray bytearray = ...;

     QFuture<QString> future = QtConcurrent::run(someFunction, bytearray);
     ...
     QString result = future.result();

Note that the QFuture::result() function blocks and waits for the result to become available. Use QFutureWatcher to get notification when the function has finished execution and the result is available.

## Additional API Features

### Using Member Functions

QtConcurrent::run() also accepts pointers to member functions. The first argument must be either a const reference or a pointer to an instance of the class. Passing by const reference is useful when calling const member functions; passing by pointer is useful for calling non-const member functions that modify the instance.

For example, calling QByteArray::split() (a const member function) in a separate thread is done like this:

     // call 'QList<QByteArray>  QByteArray::split(char sep) const' in a separate thread
     QByteArray bytearray = "hello world";
     QFuture<QList<QByteArray> > future = QtConcurrent::run(bytearray, &QByteArray::split, ',');
     ...
     QList<QByteArray> result = future.result();

Calling a non-const member function is done like this:

     // call 'void QImage::invertPixels(InvertMode mode)' in a separate thread
     QImage image = ...;
     QFuture<void> future = QtConcurrent::run(&image, &QImage::invertPixels, QImage::InvertRgba);
     ...
     future.waitForFinished();
     // At this point, the pixels in 'image' have been inverted

### Using Bound Function Arguments

Note that Qt does not provide support for bound functions. This is provided by 3rd party libraries like Boost or C++ TR1 Library Extensions.

You can use boost::bind() or std::tr1::bind() to bind a number of arguments to a function when called. There are number of reasons for doing this:

- To call a function that takes more than 5 arguments.
- To simplify calling a function with constant arguments.
- Changing the order of arguments.

See the documentation for the relevant functions for details on how to use the bind API.

Calling a bound function is done like this:

     void someFunction(int arg1, double arg2);
     QFuture<void> future = QtConcurrent::run(boost::bind(someFunction, 1, 2.0));
     ...

## Function Documentation

### QFuture<T> QtConcurrent::run ( Function function, ... )

Runs function in a separate thread. The thread is taken from the global QThreadPool. Note that the function may not run immediately; the function will only be run when a thread is available.

T is the same type as the return value of function. Non-void return values can be accessed via the QFuture::result() function.

Note that the QFuture returned by QtConcurrent::run() does not support canceling, pausing, or progress reporting. The QFuture returned can only be used to query for the running/finished status and the return value of the function.